Minggu, 04 Juni 2017
Participle
Participle
Participle terdiri dari present participle dan past
participle. Berikuy ini rincian dan contoh –contohnya.
a.
Present participle , berupa kata kerja berbentuk
“ing” tidak tergolong pada gerund, dipakai dalam kalimat bentuk ‘sedang’
(continous tense ) sebagai kata sifat, dan untuk alternatif pengungkapan secara
lebih pendek (present participle construction ).
Contoh :
1.
The farmers are working in the field. (Cont)
2.
The old man needs a walking stick. (Adj)
3.
Painting a child, I forgot the time (Pr.Past
Constr)
4.
The dog barking next door is a collie (Pr Part
Constr)
b.
Past participle, berupa kata kerja bentuk ‘perfect’
(V3) yang dipakai dalam struktur Perfect tense dengan pola have + V3 sebagai
kata sifat dan untuk mengungkapkan kalimat secara lebih singkat.Contoh :
1.
They have finished their job (perfect tense )
2.
He repaired the broken window. (Adj)
3.
Is that the wanted person ? (Adj)
4.
Covered with confusion , i left the room (short
str )
Catatan : Kata covered dalam kalimat terakhir tersebut
merupakan bentuk singkat dan struktur ; As I was covered yabg berarti ‘Karena
saya diliputi “
 |
| The farmer is working in the field |
Skimming Skills
Skimming
It is
not always necessary to read every word of a passage. Your purpose for reading
something determines how closely you should read it. Once you know wjat your
purpose is, skimming is a valuable procedure. Skimming through a passage
involvs reading very fast in order to recognize main ideas and supporting
details while skipping (not reading ) parts that are not relevant to your
reading purpose. It can save you time in deciding what or what not to read. In
getting the general content of the passage, and in finding the author’s maint
point without having to deal with details. The way you read the morning
newspaper, for example , is quite different from the way you read an assignment
for a class.
A.
Topic of the passage
A Topic is the general idea of a paragraph or a
passage. It tells the readers what a paragraph or a passage is about. The topic
of a passage is usually stataed in the first sentence, although other positions
are also possible . However, sometimes the topic is not stated in the passage
at all, but is implied.
Sample Passages
a.
Topic stated at
the first sentence
Veterinery medicine is the branch of science that
deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease , disorder and
injury in animals. The scope of veterinery medicine is wide, covering all
animal species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions
which can affect different species.
b.
Topic stated at the last sentence
One technique to help with this is to consiously look
into one of the listener’s eyes and then move to the other eyes. Going back and
forth between the two makes your eyes appear to sparkle. Another trick is to
imagine a letter “T” on the listener;s face, with the cross bar being an
imaginary line across the eye brows ad the vertical line coming down the center
of the nose. Keep your eyes scanning that “T” zone . This is usually called
‘eye contanct “.
c.
Topic Implied
In its broadcast, general sense, it is the means
through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one
generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a
formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. In its narrow,
technical sense , it is the formal process by which society deliberately
transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, customs, and values from one
generation to another, e.g. instruction in schools.
The topic of the text is education
B.
Topic sentences
A Paragraph
usually tells about one topic. Often one sentence is the topic sentence. It
tells the topic and themain idea of the paragraph. It sums up the ideas of the
other sentences, which give details about the main idea. However, the topic
sentence may not be stated but implied, so we must draw a conclusion from the
paragraph to obtain its topic sentence.
a.Topic sentence at the beggining
Rice
is the only major grain crop that is grown almost exclusively as human food.
There have been a series of remarkable genetic advances that have made it
possible to cultivate high-yield varieties, which are resistant to disease and
insect pests. Because rice constitutes half the diet of 1.6 billion people,
another 400 million people rely on it between one – forurth and one – half of
their diet , these advances have deterned disasters which otherwise would have
left millions of people severely underfed.
b.Topic sentence in the middle
Within the animalworld, populations change all the
time. Changes in the animal population depend on many factors.These include the
rate of production of young, and the number of young that survive through the
breeding stage.
c.Topic sentence at the end.
By the year 2009, a vaccine againts the common cold
will have been developed.By the same year, the first human will have been successfully
doned. By the same year 2014, parents will be able to create designer
children.Genetic therapy will be able to manipulate genes for abilities,
intelligence, and hair, eye, and skin color. By 2020, most diseases will be
able to be diagnosed and treated at
home,and by 2030, cancer and heart disease will have benn wiped out. These are
just a few examples of medical miracles that are expected in the new few
decades.
d.Topic entence implied
Immunization can significantly reduce the
microprganisms thought to cause cavities. The federal Drug Administration needs
to approve the vaccine before it can be sold to the public. Consequently, the
vaccine will have to undergo a three –year trial period.
A topic sentene is not a statement of a fact. Therfore,
the following statements of facts cannot be a topic sentence.
·
Bogor has Botanical Garden and Safari garden
·
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia
·
Indonesia declared its independence on August
17th
Exercise
European agriculture underwent a number of significant
changes during the middle ages. Tools including the scythe and plow werw
improved from classical versions, a three field system of crop rotation was
invented , and the mold board plow and wheeled plow were increasingly used.
Draft horses were bred and increasingly
used What animals as a working animal in many parts of Europe, while oxen
continued to be used for this purpose metal horseshoes were widely adopted.
Much of Europe had low population densities during this period, to which
extensive farming was well suited. In parts of Southern Europe , more intensive
farming combined techniques continued fro classical Roman agiculture and those
transferred from Islamic regions. In the late middle ages, the use of manure as
fertilizer inceased, which in turn decreased the necessity of regular following
of fields.
1.
Which is the topic sentence of the above passage
?
a.
The first sentence
b.
The third sentence
c.
The last sentence
2.
What are the controlling ideas ?
a.
A number of significant changes
b.
Many parts of Europe
c.
Regular fallowing of fields
3.
The topic sentence shows a statement of ....
a.
Opinion
b.
Intent
c.
Intent and opinion
4.
The scythe (line 2 ) is ....
a.
A change
b.
A tool
c.
A version
5.
What animals were used as working animals ?
a.
Horses
b.
Both horses and oxen
c.
Oxen
6.
What was invented during the middle ages ?
a.
Classical versions
b.
A 3 field – system
c.
Crop rotation
 |
| Let's Read A Book |
People
People
Sebagai kata yang berbentuk jamak ( Berakna lebih dari
satu ) berarti “orang –orang “ dan sebagai kata yang berbentuk tunggal berarti
“ bangsa “ , misalnya ;
a.
We saw a lot of people in the street
(Artinya; Kami melihat banyak orang di jalan )
b.
The English- Speaking peoples include the
American , the australian , and The Canadian.
(Artinya ; Bangsa –bangsa penutur bahasa Inggris,
meliputi bangsa Amerika, australia , dan Kanada )
English Proverb
Use the pictures
below to complete the English Proverbs
1. A
......can’t change it’s ..........
2. A
.... in the .... is worth two in the bush
3.
4.
5.
Never judge a
.....by it’s ........Well, " A Leopard can’t change it’s spot"
"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush"
" Never judge a book .by it’s cover "
A Proverb is a
simple and concrete saying popularly known and repeated, which expresses a
truth, based on common sense or the practical experience of humanity. They are
often metaphorical (Symbolic and showing some truth about a situation or other
object ).
Proverb in
English are found with a wide variety of grammatical structures. For example,
we find the following structures ;
·
Imperative, negative – (don’t, never )
e.g. – Don’t count your chcken before they hatched.
- Never
be a borrower nor a lender
·
Imperative, positive – (look, give, put ...etc )
e.g. – Look before you leap.
- Give him an inch and he’ll take a yard.
·
Parallel phrases – (repeat the same word or
words that rhyme )
e.g. – Garbage in, garbage out
-
Forwarned, Forarmed
- No gain, No pain
- Easy
come, easy go
- Out of
side, out of mind
·
Rhetorical Questions – (a question that needs no
answer )
e.g. – Can an apple treebear watermelon ?
- Does the sun rise in the west ?
- Can the tiger kill its cubs ?
·
Declarative sentence – (a statement )
e.g. – Birds of a feather flock together .
- A fair
face needs no paint.
-
Silence is golden.